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Ivermectin is used to treat a wide range of parasitic infections in humans, including scabies, lice, onchocerciasis, ascariasis, strongyloidiasis and trichuriasis. According to recent studies, ivermectin can kill the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in 48 hours.
For the past three months, unprecedented efforts have been made to find a vaccine for COVID-19. Trying to find the perfect cure for the coronavirus, scientists are not only looking for new drugs, but are also considering repurposing existing drugs. A recent study by Australian specialists offers some hope in the form of the commonly prescribed antiparasitic drug ivermectin.
The study found that the drug, which is used to treat common skin and parasitic diseases such as lice infestations and scabies, killed the SARS-CoV-2 virus within 48 hours in "in vitro" tests.
Not only does this represent a possible treatment option, but it could also save time and thousands of lives. Importantly, according to the study, this drug can serve several medical purposes. So what is this "miracle drug"?
Ivermectin is a "miracle drug."
The drug was discovered in 1975 by Satoshi Omura of Kitasato University and William C. Campbell of the Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research. Ivermectin, derived from avermectin (a class of drugs used to treat parasitic worms and pests), was commercially introduced in 1981. It is considered the world's first endecticide, an antiparasitic compound capable of acting on parasites both inside and on the surface of the body.
The drug was originally used for veterinary purposes, successfully counteracting pulmonary nematodes, gastrointestinal roundworms, blood-sucking flies, lice and mites in animals, and is now widely used in pets. It was first used for humans in 1988 in the treatment of onchocerciasis. Since then, the drug has been adapted to treat humans for a number of diseases caused by parasites.
Common diseases treated with the drug are scabies and head lice. It is also used against other human parasitic diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness), ascariasis, strongyloidiasis and trichocephaliasis caused by parasitic worms such as roundworm and trichocephalus.
Action of the drug
The mechanism of action of the drug is to paralyze and kill the worms. It promotes the uncontrolled release of neurotransmitters in the nervous system of the worms and paralyzes them. In addition, ivermectin kills offspring produced by adult worms and also reduces their reproduction rate. In humans, the drug acts on neurotransmitters in the brain. But the blood-brain barrier (a semi-permeable protective barrier) prevents ivermectin from entering the brain.
Uses and side effects
Ivermectin is consumed orally as a tablet. The medication is available by prescription only, and the dosage varies depending on the indication.
The most common side effects of the drug include:
- rash, itching and fever;
- Headache, dizziness, and muscle pain;
- nausea and diarrhea;
- Painful sensitivity of glands in the armpit, neck, or groin area;
- drowsiness;
- loss of appetite;
- Swelling of the arms, face, legs, or hands;
- rapid heartbeat.
Prospects for the drug.
Although ivermectin is most commonly used as a parasite control agent, studies have shown that the drug has the potential to be used for a variety of therapeutic applications.
A study conducted by scientists at the University of Helsinki and the University of Bonn Medical Center found that the drug has a strong antiviral effect against chikungunya virus and other alphaviruses. A study in the Lancet found that mass use of antiparasitic agents for children under five years of age reduced the incidence of malaria.
Scientists at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine also found that the drug was antimalarial. When injected along with the usual antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin-piperquin, mosquitoes that fed on the blood of patients died.
Researchers at the University of British Columbia concluded that the drug effectively killed the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, including drug-resistant strains.
In addition to its antibacterial and antiviral properties, ivermectin is also known to exhibit antitumor qualities.
Researchers from Osaka University have demonstrated that in combination with drugs used to treat epithelial ovarian cancer, it enhances the effect of the drugs used.
Is ivermectin a potential weapon against COVID-19?
A study proving that ivermectin can kill SARS-CoV-2 in the laboratory was conducted by the Monash University Biomedical Institute (BDI) and the Peter Doherty Infection and Immunity Institute (Doherty Institute). Although the drug was found to destroy viral genetic material and the virus itself within 48 hours, only further studies may allow the results to be replicated in humans.
Ivermectin is a safe drug that is very actively used. The lead author of the study, Dr. Kylie Wagstaff, stated that it is necessary to figure out if the dose of the drug that can be used in humans will be effective.